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Book Review: Why Horror Seduces by Mathias Clasen

Why Horror Seduces by Mathias Clasen

Oxford University Press, 2017

ISBN-13: 978-0190666514

Available: Hardcover, paperback, Kindle edition

I first came across Mathias Clasen’s article “Can’t Sleep: Clowns Will Eat Me: Telling Scary Stories on Academia.edu several years ago, and right then I thought “Here’s some original thinking– this is someone to watch” (I also liked that he wrote about literature– a lot of horror scholarship focuses on only movies). I was excited to discover that Clasen has now published a book that sums up much of his research, and takes it further. Clasen sees enjoyment of horror fiction as an evolutionary adaptation. Rather than using one of the traditional approaches of literary criticism, Clasen pursues a different one, the biocultural approach, which integrates evolutionary biology, neuroscience, psychology, and social sciences with literary study. He argues that to answer questions about why people seek out horror fiction and entertainment, researchers must have a “scientific understanding of how the mind works”, and therefore that an understanding of evolutionary history is necessary for an understanding of horror, which frames how a specific work is situated in a cultural context.

The first part of the book introduces the horror genre and academic approaches that have been and are used to analyze horror fiction in the past; then Clasen explains his own framework, and how he has applied his knowledge of evolutionary biology, neuroscience, and social sciences to explain why people react to fiction and engage with stories.  He narrows in from engagement with stories and fiction in general to a more specific focus on horror. Summed up, he believes that people seek out horror fiction because it’s engaging and because human beings are both naturally fearful and relatively vulnerable to the dangers of the world– so horror is a safe way to experience what we fear without putting ourselves in physical danger.

In the second section, Clasen provides a brief overview of 20th century American horror fiction and then engages in analysis of specific works, noting how each is rooted in cultural anxieties and fears from its time, but that looking at it from an evolutionary perspective can reveal why these works continue to resonate with today’s readers and audiences. His readings of these works ( the films Jaws, Night of the Living Dead, Halloween, and the Blair Witch Project; and the books Jaws, Rosemary’s Baby, I Am Legend, and The Shining)are examples of the kinds of analysis possible using his suggested biocultural approach, and they’re also really interesting to read. Learning about The Blair Witch Project’s transmedia success was pretty cool, but discovering that the directors actually left the actors in the woods for several days to get authentic reactions was disturbing. However, as interesting as I found these, I felt that it probably wasn’t necessary to have as many close readings as he did. Eight was more than enough.

The third section of the book contains Clasen’s theories on the future of horror. I find it interesting that, while he expects technology to make horror more and more immersive, and haunted house experiences to get scarier and scarier, that he thinks these experiences will appeal to mainly niche audiences, as the majority of horror lovers want to experience it vicariously, with distance between themselves and the horrific event. Horror fiction and cinema will continue to be the most popular forms of media for most people.

Finally, Clasen calls for further research on horror, including  a variety of research approaches that can stand up to scientific scrutiny and that cross disciplines, such as mining big data, case studies, observational studies, biofeedback and neuroimaging studies, experimental lab studies, and so on. I can’t imagine what it must be like to have a brain as crowded with ideas as his must be!

This is an academic book, and sometimes those can be dry, but that is not the case here. Clasen is clearly passionate and knowledgeable about his topic and his approach.  I’ve done research on reading engagement in the past, and there is definitely neuroscience involved in the process of learning to read independently. I feel like this biocultural approach to examining horror fiction and why people engage with it, is on the right track, and I encourage anyone who is interested in the topic to try this out (right now it’s relatively reasonably priced on Kindle) or at least to seek out his papers on Academia.edu.  Recommended.

 

 

Book Review: Assassin’s Creed: Heresy by Christie Golden (Dueling Reviews)

Two for the price of one, today: Aaron Fletcher and I both reviewed Assassin’s Creed: Heresy. Read on to see what we thought!


Assassin’s Creed: Heresy by Christie Golden

Ubisoft Publishing, 2016

ISBN:  978-1-945-21002-0

Available:  Hardback, paperback, ebook (Kindle, Nook)

Review #1

Assassin’s Creed: Heresy is set in the universe of the Assassin’s Creed  action-adventure video game franchise produced by Ubisoft, and has been published recently, in order to take advantage of the soon-to-be-released Assassin’s Creed movie (note, this story is not a novelization of the movie but an original novel). The game takes advantage of real-world historical events and individuals, and sets up two opposing organizations, the Assassins and the Templars, who influence these events and people, and attempt to collect unique objects called Pieces of Eden. The Assassins fight for peace with free will, and the Templars fight with peace with control. I haven’t played the game, and read the book without knowing this, but it is my understanding that typically, players see what’s going on from the Assassins’ point of view.

Assassin’s Creed: Heresy is written from a Templar’s point of view. The Templars are able to send a person back in time to view history through an ancestor’s eyes. Simon Hathaway, the new head of Abstergo Industries’ historical research division and a recent initiate into the Templars’ inner circle, has an ancestor who knew Joan of Arc, who was the last person to wield the legendary sword Piece of Eden 25. When he requests time to show that a wider exploration of the time period will be more successful than the current approach, he is given one week to learn what happened to the lost sword and how to reactivate it.

This is where the book gets really interesting– Simon travels back to observe his ancestor’s interactions with Joan, and we get to experience his interactions with her, and the events around her.We get the impressions of both Simon’s ancestor, a French peasant boy who was her steadfast friend, and Simon the Templar historian, which means we get background and commentary while also immersed in the interactions with historical characters and events in the life of Joan of Arc. Christie Golden manages this without ever making it seem intrusive, and it’s like getting history without the slow parts. The present-day storyline wasn’t terribly interesting– the characters seemed flat, and I felt like I had been dropped into the middle of an ongoing tangle of intrigues that weren’t well-explained– but Golden’s handling of the historical sequences was very well done.  Despite having never played the game, I got into the book. With a little more background, this could have worked well as a stand alone novel  for a wider variety of readers. Assassin’s Creed: The Essential Guide (not reviewed here) was released at the same time as this book, and together, I am sure they make for a much more complete experience. With or without the additional background, though, both new and old fans and players of  Assassin’s Creed should enjoy this book. Recommended.

Contains: violence

Reviewed by Kirsten Kowalewski

 

Review #2

Joan of Arc is rumored to have possessed a sword that made her invincible: one of the legendary Swords of Eden, Piece of Eden 25.  Imbued with unique properties, little is known of its history.  Templars and Assassins alike have owned it over time, as they fought over control of mankind.  Now it is safely ensconced in the office of Alan Rikkin, CEO of Abstergo Industries, but its incredible powers of invincibility no longer function. Somehow, before Rikkin acquired it, it was damaged, and now it is just a sword.  Rikkin wants to make it whole again, for the Templars.

Simon Hathaway, the new head of Abstergo Industries’ historical research division, is determined to prove to his boss that his new approach is better than past techniques.  The Templars have a technique available that allows them to travel back in history at different points in the life of one of their ancestors, in order to track the location of Pieces of Eden. Instead of fast-forwarding through the life of Joan of Arc to the historically important parts, Simon will live alongside her as much as possible to get the maximum experience he can.  He follows Joan and finds out how she got the sword, what happened to it, and how to get it working again.  For history, for the Templars, and for mankind.

This is a very enjoyable story: a fun action-adventure with a historical setting that tied in perfectly with the video game franchise.  The plot and pacing were fast and kept me turning pages.  The descriptions were well done. I felt like I was right there with the characters! Christie Golden gives readers enough to keep them in the world, but still guessing what will happen next.  The suspense built very well, and I especially liked the ending.  I was pulled in from the first page and did not emerge until the last word.   I look forward to reading more from this series and this author.  I have not read any of this series or this author’s work in the past, though I have played a few of the video games this was based on. Highly recommended.

 Reviewed By:  Aaron Fletcher

 


 

Interview: Eric Shapiro on Adapting Greg Gifune’s “Hoax” Into Film

It’s always cool to see how different media interact across platforms. Here, ML reviewer Colleen Wanglund interviews filmmaker Eric Shapiro about transforming Greg F. Gifune’s short story “Hoax”, which appears in his short story collection Down to Sleep into a short film. As a filmmaker, Shapiro’s first feature was Rule of Three, which won awards for Best Acting Performance at Shriekfest and Best Actor at Fantasia International Film Festival in 2010.  His second feature, Living Things, was released by Cinema Libre Studio in 2014. Shapiro’s current project is a 15-minute short film adaptation of Greg F. Gifune’s “Hoax”, starring Rodney Eastman, with DarkFuse as executive producer, and releasing the film via digital distribution.

In addition to making films, Shapiro is also an author, screenwriter, and ghostwriter. He has had numerous stories published in anthologies, and his books include Love & Zombies, The Devoted, Stories for the End of the World, and Short of a Picnic. Shapiro’s 2005 novella It’s Only Temporary was included on the Preliminary Nominee Ballot for the Bram Stoker Award in Long Fiction, and appeared in Nightmare Magazine’s list of the Top 100 Horror Books.

Interview with Eric Shapiro

ML: Tell me a little bit about Greg F. Gifune’s short story “Hoax” and why you wanted to adapt it into a short film.

ES: All I can say about the story is that it’s about a guy in a bar who may or may not be trying to pick up the bartender – and may or may not pose a threat to her. It’s about that and a whole lot more…

Greg and I had been talking for a while about the possibility of me adapting his fiction into film. Since we’re in an environment where indie features are struggling financially, I said I’m of the mindset that it really doesn’t pay to pour yourself, and your cash, into creating 80 or 90 minutes when you can create 15 for a specific audience. Greg’s worked for ages with Shane Staley at DarkFuse, and he got Shane to come aboard and provide us with a digital distribution platform – which I would have been a fool to not jump all over. Great author, great company; I last worked with them on my novella Love & Zombies. They’re organized; they have fans. They’re not caught up in horror scene politics. It’s the first time I’ve done a film where the audience and platform are waiting, which is fun. The alternative is hoping you can find an audience. In this case, it’s hoping what I bring will impress the fans.

 

ML: What is it about Greg’s work that you enjoy so much?

ES: A lot of things, but mostly the attitudes of the characters. I get the sense from Greg’s writing that he’s lived a lot, and continues to. I pick up on a sensitivity in the prose. These aren’t sunny or prepackaged personalities; they’re difficult and ambiguous, and very human. It’s heavy material, but his poetic prose gives it a lift. He’s a major artist. Plus he has a gift for coming up with creative story lines you wouldn’t have expected. And his work is in a very classic vein. My own prose is more outwardly gonzo and manic; Greg’s more with the people.

 

ML: What are the differences and/or similarities between writing books/short stories and writing screenplays?

ES: On a technical level, it’s the fact that fiction is a finished thing and a screenplay is a blueprint for something else. However, my fiction is often spare and screenplay-like, and my screenplays are often poetic and prose-like, so I tend to mesh and blend what each medium has to offer. On a professional or political level, I think prose is more personal and screenplays are more social. The editors and publishers I’ve encountered in the fiction world hold your work as sacred in a sense. It’s a more private and intimate medium than films. More introverted. With screenwriting, I’m often working with producers or co-writers who are coming at it from the standpoint of having fun and/or making a hit. Creating an exciting experience for ourselves and the audience. It’s more extroverted and party-like.

 

ML: Which do you enjoy more, being an author or being a filmmaker?

ES: I’m gonna punt and say screenwriter, but it happens to be the truth. My passions reach their maximum when I’m screenwriting. Producing and directing are incredibly demanding jobs, particularly when funds are limited. You’re up against time. Technology’s erratic. You’re managing a bunch of personalities and expectations. I’m generally pretty quiet when I direct, which comes from caring so much. If I started to outwardly express how much I care about the end result, I’d be screaming and giving grand speeches all day. But that’s no way to behave, so I internalize it and pipe it all into the work, which is exhausting. So directing’s more like a sport for me. Filmmaking’s fun in the writing phase, though – and post-production, which is a lot like writing. More grounded and pleasure-producing.

 

ML: Where does your creative inspiration come from?

ES: Since I became a dad four years ago, my mind is generally focused on my kids: where they are, are they OK, are they fed, happy, what’s next on the schedule. I don’t float up into the ether as much, so creativity’s become more about ass-plus-seat. I work constantly as a ghostwriter and editor, so I have daily deadlines and assignments. It’s during the act of creation itself when I’m in the ether again. I just have to do it; the muse doesn’t come to me; I go to her. It’s more intense and exciting that way, as the time is precious. I’m on the clock. Which makes it all sound very dry and practical, but the truth is when I clock in I let loose. My metabolism’s fast; I tend to be emotional; so I just jump. I think everyone’s got that ocean inside; it’s just a question of how willing we are to go in.

 

ML: Besides Gifune, who are some of your favorite authors and genres?

ES: It’s reached the point where there are just so many. One of my favorite aspects of life is changing my perceptual aperture; opening and adjusting for new input and experiences. So I’ll read any genre. I read a book called Assholes: A Theory, by Aaron James recently. That was excellent; it was a complex philosophical examination of what makes someone an asshole, and how to deal with it. I’m reading Between the World and Me by Ta-Nehisi Coates right now; he did an extraordinary job mapping how his racial consciousness, of himself and his culture, has evolved throughout his lifetime. You feel like you’re in there growing with him. My favorite author as of now is Eric Bogosian, who’s more known for plays like “subUrbia” and “Talk Radio”, but happens to be an extraordinary novelist. He has every aspect of fine prose at his fingertips, mixing high and low, speed and patience, eloquence and grit. He’s pretty amazing.

 

ML: Who are your favorite filmmakers and why?

ES: Oliver Stone’s at the top because of what he’s accomplished in his career, the depth and breadth of his body of work and the amount of topics he’s not only spanned, but actually penetrated and examined. He’s consistently operated within the establishment yet offered a product that they usually would run away from. Whether or not you agree with or accept his points-of-view, it’s amazing to consider how consistently he’s infiltrated the mainstream with radical content. He could have used his talent to make crime films or suspense thrillers, but he’s hunting for bigger game. Kubrick’s up there, too, for the same reasons. Scorsese’s probably the biggest natural talent alive. And from a business standpoint, I like what Coppola’s been up to in the past decade: He self-finances his films and does whatever he wants. He’s taken the studio trip already, so he’s not motivated by conquering the marketplace. He makes his money from wine and puts it into true art. Once you see how the system can muck up your content, that starts to seem like the sanest path to travel…

ML: Thanks so much for your time, Eric.
Hoax will be filming in the next few months, so keep your eye out for it in 2016.